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METHODS FOR DETERMINATION AND SPECIATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN WINE
(Review)
Trajče Stafilov1*
and Irina Karadjova2
1Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University,
2Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., Sofia
1164, Bulgaria
Correspondence author: P.O. Box
162, 1001 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia; Tel.: +389 2 117 055;
Fax: +389 2 226 865; e-mail:
trajcest@iunona.pmf.ukim.edu.mk
(Received 28 March 2006; accepted 30
March 2006)
Abstract:
This article reviews methods for the determination and speciation of
trace elements in wine. Wine is one of the most widely consumed
beverages and strict analytical control of trace elements content is
required during the whole process of wine production from grape to the
final product. Levels of trace elements in wine are important from
several points of view: organoleptic - Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn
concentrations are directly related to the destabilization and
oxidative evolution of wines, toxicological – toxic elements content
should be under allowable limit and wine adulteration – definition of
the authenticity of wine through its trace element composition and
pattern recognition. The speciation of metals in wine is subject of
increasing interest since complexation may reduce their toxicity and
bioavailability. Two main approaches used for trace element
determination in wines – sample digestion followed by instrumental
determination and direct instrumental determination are reviewed and
discussed. Procedures for sample pre-treatment, for trace element
separation and preconcentration are presented. The possibilities,
advantages and disadvantages of different analytical methods (atomic
absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, atomic emission
spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, inductively coupled
plasma with mass spectrometry, electroanalytical methods etc.) for
wine analyses are compared. Advances in metal speciation studies in
wines are presented.
Key words:
wine, trace
element determination, speciation, review
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